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Mac 入门基础环境搭建

mac 系统配置记录，包括

  • Homebrew 常用命令
  • item2 + oh-my-zsh 配置
  • 解压软件： unrar，7z
  • 图床软件 PicGo
  • ssh 配置
  • Charles

Homebrew常用命令​

官网安装 Homebrew ：https://brew.sh/

前言​

包管理软件

Win: 360软件管家

Debian/Ubuntu: apt包管理系统

Redhat/Fedora: yum包管理系统

Mac OS X: Macports,Fink,AppStore

以及 Homebrew

使用方法​

brew -v	查询Homebrew版本
brew -h	brew帮助
brew update	更新Homebrew
brew install <pkg_name>	安装任意软件
brew uninstall <pkg_name>	卸载任意软件
brew search <pkg_name>	查询任意包
brew list	列出安装列表
brew info <pkg_name>	查看任意包内容信息
brew upgrade <pkg_name>	更新任意包
brew cleanup <pkg_name>	删除具体旧软件
brew cleanup		删除所有旧软件
brew outdated		已安装的包是否需要更新

item2+oh-my-zsh​

参考：最漂亮（ iTerm2+oh-my-zsh配色）：2021年01月10日更新

安装 oh-my-zsh​

来自官网(https://ohmyz.sh/#install)的安装方式

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

更改shell​

cat /etc/shells # 查看所有 shell
chsh -s /bin/zsh # 切换shell为zsh 
echo $SHELL # 查看当前shell

iterm的perference->profiles->commond 设置成/bin/zsh # iterm2 界面手动切换

Iterm2 使用技巧​

参考 iTerm2常用的快捷键

设置全局打开快捷键

Perferemance -> Keys ->Hotkey -> show/hide all windows with a system-wide hotkey

command + shift + t # 设置快捷键 打开iterm2

新建标签：command + t
关闭标签：command + w
切换全屏：command + enter
查找：command + f
垂直分屏：command + d
垂直上下分屏：command + shift + d
左右 tab 之间来回切换：⌘ + 1 / 2
查看历史命令：command + ; （输入常用命令的前缀后使用该快捷键可以实现补全的功能）
除当前行：ctrl + u / ctrl +c 
上一条命令：ctrl + p
搜索命令历史：ctrl + r
清屏：clear
重新打开：command + r
iTerm2 剪切板历史：command + shift + h

zsh 插件配置​

目前已经有的自带插件在官网Github中可以看到，https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/tree/master/plugins。 凡是这里有的，都可以立刻生效。

参考页面​

一些实用常用插件推荐 for zsh oh-my-zsh

git 默认自带​
zsh-syntax-highlighting 语法高亮​
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

将zsh-syntax-highlighting 下载到zsh 的plugins 目录中

plugins=(其他的插件 zsh-syntax-highlighting)
zsh-autosuggestions 自动建议​
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
plugins=(其他的插件 zsh-autosuggestions)
sublime 默认自带​
命令作用
st打开sublime
st + 文件夹打开文件夹
st + 文件打开文件
stt打开当前文件夹 ，等价于 st .
sst管理员权限 相当于 sudo st
z 默认自带​
z -x 无效路径
z 目录名称
autojump​
$ brew install autojump 
plugins=(其他的插件 autojump)

# 如果是linux 系统可能比较麻烦一点，需要从github 上下源码安装（当然也可以保证是最新的）
$ git clone https://github.com/wting/autojump.git
$ cd autojump
$ ./install.py

# 运行完毕后就会出现如下信息
Please manually add the following line(s) to ~/.zshrc:

	[[ -s /home/ppsteven/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh ]] && source /home/ppsteven/.autojump/etc/profile.d/autojump.sh

	autoload -U compinit && compinit -u

Please restart terminal(s) before running autojump.

# 按照操作在 .zshrc 中添加，我是乖乖添加了，其实我们可以直接在plugins 中添加的
plugins=(其他的插件 autojump)

附录.zshrc配置​

# If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH.
# export PATH=$HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH

# Path to your oh-my-zsh installation.
export ZSH="/Users/ppsteven/.oh-my-zsh"

# Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will
# load a random theme each time oh-my-zsh is loaded, in which case,
# to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME
# See https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/wiki/Themes
# ZSH_THEME="agnoster"
ZSH_THEME="ys"

# Set list of themes to pick from when loading at random
# Setting this variable when ZSH_THEME=random will cause zsh to load
# a theme from this variable instead of looking in ~/.oh-my-zsh/themes/
# If set to an empty array, this variable will have no effect.
# ZSH_THEME_RANDOM_CANDIDATES=( "robbyrussell" "agnoster" )

# Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
# CASE_SENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion.
# Case-sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
# HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable bi-weekly auto-update checks.
# DISABLE_AUTO_UPDATE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to automatically update without prompting.
# DISABLE_UPDATE_PROMPT="true"

# Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
# export UPDATE_ZSH_DAYS=13

# Uncomment the following line if pasting URLs and other text is messed up.
# DISABLE_MAGIC_FUNCTIONS=true

# Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
# DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"

# Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
# DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"

# Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
# ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"

# Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
# COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files
# under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories
# much, much faster.
# DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true"

# Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time
# stamp shown in the history command output.
# You can set one of the optional three formats:
# "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd"
# or set a custom format using the strftime function format specifications,
# see 'man strftime' for details.
# HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy"

# Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom?
# ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder

# Which plugins would you like to load?
# Standard plugins can be found in ~/.oh-my-zsh/plugins/*
# Custom plugins may be added to ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/
# Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)
# Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup.
plugins=(
          git
#          zsh-syntax-highlighting
          zsh-autosuggestions
	        sublime
	        autojump 
        )

source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh

# User configuration

# export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"

# You may need to manually set your language environment
# export LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
# if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
#   export EDITOR='vim'
# else
#   export EDITOR='mvim'
# fi

# added by Anaconda3 2019.07 installer
# >>> conda init >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$(CONDA_REPORT_ERRORS=false '/Users/ppsteven/anaconda3/bin/conda' shell.bash hook 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    \eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/Users/ppsteven/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/Users/ppsteven/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
        CONDA_CHANGEPS1=false conda activate base
    else
        \export PATH="/Users/ppsteven/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda init <<<

# Compilation flags
# export ARCHFLAGS="-arch x86_64"

# Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by oh-my-zsh libs,
# plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though oh-my-zsh
# users are encouraged to define aliases within the ZSH_CUSTOM folder.
# For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.
#
# Example aliases
alias zshconfig="vim ~/.zshrc"
# alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"

ack​

ack is a search tool designed for code. It's built to be a replacement for grep with higher speed and more options.

brew install ack

使用方法

ack --python requests # 搜索当前项目中，存在Python文件使用requests包
ack --vim YouCompleteMe # 搜索当前项目中，存在vim文件包含YouCompleteMe

开发软件​

etcd​

安装教程：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases

redis​

brew install redis

fzf​

fzf 是一个命令行模糊查询工具，官网：https://github.com/junegunn/fzf

安装

brew update
brew install fzf

命令行功能增强

/usr/local/opt/fzf/install

运行后，支持键位绑定（CTRL+R, CTRL+T, ALT-C）和 fzf 自动填充。通过在~/.zshrc 或 ~/.bashrc中添加

[ -f ~/.fzf.zsh ] && source ~/.fzf.zsh语句

解压软件​

解压软件 unrar​

brew install unrar

使用方法

unrar x test.rar # 解压到当前目录

解压软件 7z​

brew search 7z # p7zip

brew install p7zip

使用方法

7z e filename.7z

图床软件PicGo​

安装教程

https://github.com/Molunerfinn/PicGo

看完上面的配置才发现也是找工作的学生，真是厉害

Github 图床配置

PPsteven/pictures
master
Token:XXXXX
img/
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/PPsteven/pictures

设置 ssh 远程连接超时​

服务器安全策略约定若是客户端一段时候没有响应，则关闭服务器和客户端之间的链接。这会造成客户端的断开，为例解决此问题，可以在 服务端 或 客户端 进行心跳设置。

服务端和客户端设置的区别在于，针对服务端的调整对于所有连接此服务器的客户端同时生效，而针对客户端进行设置只会影响该客户端而已，如果只有少数客户端连接服务器的话，可以只针对客户端进行设置。

客户端设置​

Mac OS 和 Linux 的客户端配置一般在 /etc/ssh/ssh_config 中，/etc 中的配置文件是对于全体用户生效，当然也可以针对当前用户配置 ~/.ssh/config，配置内容如下。

配置的含义参考：man ssh_config

// 针对 特定 服务器
Host keepsdroppingme.com
   ServerAliveInterval 20
// 针对 所有服务器
Host *
   ServerAliveInterval 60 # 每分钟发送一次, 然后客户端响应, 从而保持长连接;
   ServerAliveCountMax 3 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到3次, 就自动断开

强制断开挂起的连接​

一般当连接没有卡死的时候，使用 Ctrl + c 没有反应，可以尝试 ~. ，即 tilde + period

参考教程​

When to use ClientAliveInterval versus ServerAliveInterval

How can I prevent an SSH session from hanging in OS X Terminal?

服务器端​

Linux 服务端的配置一般在 /etc/ssh/sshd_config，比客户端配置多了个 d

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
ClientAliveInterval 30 # 客户端每隔多少秒向服务发送一个心跳数据
ClientAliveCountMax 86400 # 客户端多少秒没有相应，服务器自动断掉连接

最后重启 sshd 服务 (centos7+)

sudo systemctl restart sshd

配置文件位置

/etc/ssh/sshd_config  # 服务器端配置
/etc/ssh/ssh_config  # 客户端全局配置
~/.ssh/sshd_config  # 客户端当前用户配置

Charles破解教程​

参考教程：Charles mac 破解教程

# 工具栏中的 help --> register
Registered Name: https://zhile.io
License Key: 48891cf209c6d32bf4

Charles设置指南：Charles使用指南

常用软件​

Alfred 破解版​

破解版拥有调用 workflow 的能力，好用的插件有

配置搜索文件夹：Alfred Preference->Default Results->Search Scope

其他​

  • Anaconda
  • wps
  • Magnet pro for Mac

更多参考：